Elvira Sakhipzadovna Nabiullina (born in Ufa, Bashkortostan, on 29 October 1963) is a Tatar-born Russian economist and head of the Central Bank of Russia. She was Russian President Vladimir Putin's economic adviser between May 2012 to June 2013 after serving as minister of economic development and trade from September 2007 to May 2012. As of 2014, she is listed as the 72nd most powerful woman in the world by Forbes.

Elvira Nabiullina now oversees a dwindling pile of bank assets for the world's tenth largest economy, which garnered a GDP of $1.33 trillion in 2015, according to the IMF, down from $2.1 trillion a year earlier, with further declines forecast. The country also continues to face economic sanctions for its military intervention in Ukraine and the annexation of Crimea. Yet the Yale-educated technocrat continues to hold this shaky craft together through sheer fiscal discipline, and that pleases professional investors.