Anton Siluanov (born 12 April 1963 in Moscow) is a Russian politician and economist who is Minister of Finance for Russia. In 2011, he was appointed to Minister of Finance by Prime Minister Vladimir Putin in place of Alexei Kudrin, who was forced out and dismissed by president Dmitry Medvedev after publicly criticizing the additional defense spending of 2.1 trillion rubles (US $66 billion) through 2014.

On 26 March 2014, the IMF secured an $18bn bailout fund for the provisional government of the Ukraine in the aftermath of the 2014 Ukrainian revolution. It remains unclear whether Siluanov approved the use of Russian monies for this purpose, or whether he was able to prevent this by withholding consent. Russia has a seat to itself amongst 24 on the Executive Board of the IMF, whereas its monetary contribution to the IMF is inferior to two countries who have no such seat.