Anatoliy Eduardovich Serdyukov (born 8 January 1962) is a Russian politician and businessman who was the Minister of Defense of Russia from 15 February 2007 to 6 November 2012. During his tenure as defense minister, he launched several major reforms of the Russian military. The main idea behind his reforms was the transformation from a mass mobilization army to a small force of contract soldiers. 

Serdkuyov was sacked by Putin on 6 November 2012 and replaced by Sergey Shoigu. In November 2013 Serdkuyov was charged by Russian investigators with "negligence" for ordering the army to build a road from a village to a private country residence in Russia's south. He was amnestied in 2014 by a presidential decree.

In October 2015 he was appointed as an Industrial Director of Rostec State Corporation. His duties include supervising of all the company's aviation-related activities from helicopter-building to airplane engines.