The introduction of enhanced security measures in the cities where the tournament matches will take place, and in a number of other territories, the Law on the Preparation and Conducting of the World Cup will be adopted in 2013. In its development in 2017, the President adopted a decree on the specifics of the use of enhanced security measures during the World Cup, several government decrees and a number of amendments to other laws. Most of the measures envisaged by these documents will be in effect from May 25 to July 25, although some are introduced only from 1 or even June 10.

Fans and tourists

Those who are going to enjoy the game of the best football players of the world directly at the stadium, first of all, pay attention to the new article 14.15.2 of the Code of Administrative Offenses (CoAO). It refers to the responsibility for the implementation of tickets for matches "without the conclusion of a relevant agreement with FIFA" or its authorized organizations. Implementation means "selling, reselling, distributing, distributing, exchanging or otherwise using, whether or not connected with the extraction of profits". That is, it's not just about classical speculation, but also about selling tickets at the original cost and even about donating - for example, to relatives or friends. After all, according to the FIFA rules, you can only buy tickets back to the organizers. For violation, citizens face a fine in the amount of 20 times up to 25 times the cost of the ticket (but not less than 50,000 rubles), officials and entrepreneurs without the formation of a legal entity - from 25-fold to 30-fold ticket price (but not less than 150 000 rubles.), And legal entities - a fine of 500 000 to 1 million rubles. or suspension of activities for up to 90 days.

However, unofficially the organizers of the championship assure that good citizens who do not have a purpose to earn on reselling tickets will not have problems. If you have a ticket and a fan's passport is issued in your name, then you will be admitted to the stadium, says the official of the organizing committee "Russia-2018". According to him, the law on responsibility for the illegal distribution of tickets was adopted to combat speculators, and not with ordinary fans. "Security officers can ask you where the ticket comes from, if it's not your last name on it. If you gave a ticket to friends or relatives, then there will be no problems ", - reassures the interlocutor Vedomosti.

Another innovation that will affect not only the fans, but also all those who come to host city tournaments in the next two months, is the requirement for an accelerated registration at the place of residence or stay. Russians will still have to forget about the "peacetime" norm, which allows not to register for 90 days, and to worry about receiving a registration within three days. Foreigners do not need to do this at the latest on the day after their arrival.

For hotels, boarding houses and other official placements, this requirement does not apply. But those who are going to live with friends or in rented apartments, should be prepared for the fact that after three days they may have problems with the police. For violation of the registration rules for visitors to the Code of Administrative Offenses provides for a fine of 2,000 to 3,000 rubles. (in Moscow and St. Petersburg - from 3000 to 5000 rubles.), and for the owners of living quarters - from 2000 to 5000 rubles. (from 5000 to 7000 rubles). However, there are also reservations: residents of cities of federal significance and neighboring regions (Moscow and Moscow region, Petersburg and Leningrad region) are exempted from responsibility if they move between them and those who temporarily live with close relatives.

Home by pass

Uneasy two months are also for citizens who live or work in the immediate vicinity of the stadiums and official fan zones. There are already outlined the so-called controlled areas, access to which will be allowed only to those who live or work in them. Go to home or work these people can only on the passport or special passes, the cars will also have to get a pass, and when the passage of the checkpoint will be the inspection of personal belongings and transport. In addition, due to traffic restrictions and the creation of pedestrian areas in controlled areas, traffic will be partially blocked there, and parking will be restricted or prohibited. The nearby public transport routes will also change, and taxis will be able to stop in these zones only if there is special accreditation. For example, in Moscow, it received 33 carriers, a list of which with a complete list of cars published on the website of the municipality of mos.ru.

The imposition of restrictions on freedom of movement is a general requirement of law, but local authorities choose their level of rigidity on their own.

For example, the mayor's office of Moscow notified the townspeople that residents of controlled areas and employees of organizations located there, even when streets are closed (i.e. on the day of the match and on the previous day) will be able to drive up to their homes without restrictions - for this it is enough to get a special permit in the prefecture or district car. For its registration it is necessary to show copies of the passport and the certificate of the vehicle and the rental contract. If there is no agreement, we need documents confirming the fact of residence or work in the district, explains the mayor's office: a certificate of ownership, temporary registration, a certificate from the place of work. As of mid-May, according to the prefecture of the Central Administrative District, 15,421 such passes have already been issued, of which 13,074 are for residents and 2,347 are for legal entities. At the same time in the days when there are no matches at the stadium, traffic restrictions in this area will be minimal, the mayor promises.

But in Samara, the restrictions were much more serious. The central part of the city around the square. Kuybyshev, where there will be an official fan zone, closes almost completely: only public transport can go there, and local residents will be allowed to go home on a passport with a registration mark. In addition, in this area, due to the overlap of roads, kindergartens are closed for a month for the month: parents were warned about this in March, and those who wished to have places in kindergartens in other parts of the city.

Forbidden zones

In addition to land transport, other types will fall under the restrictions.

So, by order of the Ministry of Transport approved for the prohibited areas for navigation in the water areas of the host cities of the championship. For example, in St. Petersburg during the matches the water area around Krestovsky Island will be closed, in Nizhny Novgorod the movement of river transport (cruise and pleasure craft) near the stadium located at the confluence of the Oka and Volga will be limited to several hours before and after the matches, and in the Moscow region ( there are no matches, but nine teams will live and train), some sections of the Moscow River and the channel will be closed for navigation. Moscow. The prohibition does not apply to certain types of vessels - tugboats, pilotage and rescue vessels, ships with cargoes to ensure the holding of the championship, etc.

Will be introduced and no-fly zones - both for aircraft and helicopters, and for unmanned vehicles. Basically it's about the airspace above the cities of the championship. For example, the Ministry of Transport of Tatarstan established from around June 1 to July 17 around the Kazan-Arena a 24-hour no-fly zone with a radius of 10 km to an altitude of 3,050 m and a restricted flight zone with a radius of 110 km to an altitude of 8100 m: in the second case, vessels "not equipped with radio communication facilities and secondary radar responders". And in Kaliningrad, drone will not be allowed to fly across the region. To curb unauthorized flights of drones, the Ministry of Defense will use maneuverable groups of electronic warfare, and the FSB - portable complexes to suppress communications and control channels, RBC reported earlier.

His and others'

It is possible, however, that the fight against drones can again turn into problems with geolocation, as it happened earlier in the center of Moscow because of FSO attempts to counter the flights of drones over the Kremlin. In any case, the capital's taxi drivers complain about problems with navigation in the center of Moscow.

Finally, some passengers will have to experience certain inconveniences. RZD will change the routes of passengers at 31 stations in 11 cities - organizers of the championship. The main changes will affect the stations in Moscow (Kursk, Kazan, Kiev and Leningrad), Saransk, Volgograd, Yekaterinburg, in the Olympic Park of Sochi and Kaliningrad, follows from the message of the monopoly. So, at the Kursk railway station there will be closed exit to the platform from the tunnel connecting the station and the street. Kazakova. Because of the increased flow of passengers, RZD will use additional screening equipment at railway stations (now, as in airports, there is a 100% inspection at the entrance) and will attract more than 2,000 volunteers.


  
Alcohol is not for everyone

Another specific measure of security that affects both ordinary citizens and entrepreneurs is the restriction of trade, including the sale of alcohol. In the days of matches in the stadiums, as well as within a radius of 2 km around them, trade is possible only in agreement with FIFA, reminds the director of corporate relations and legal issues AB InBev Efes Oraz Durdiyev. In addition, according to him, a number of regions where the matches will take place, develop additional restrictions on the time of sales and territories.

For example, in Sochi, a city ban on the sale of alcoholic beverages in a radius of 500 m around stadiums, fan zones and training bases has already been established, and the draft law at the regional level implies a ban on the sale of alcohol in glass containers. In Volgograd, too, a bill that prohibits the sale of alcohol in glass containers on the territory of the whole city and neighboring Krasnoslobodsk is being considered. And the authorities in the Nizhny Novgorod region are discussing a bill that prohibits the sale and consumption of alcohol at airports (including duty free shops), at stations and adjacent territories during matches, but the issue has not yet been decided.

"We are concerned about this fact and consider these restrictions excessive," Durdiyev said. Because of the restrictions on the sale of alcohol, according to preliminary estimates of market participants and the Union of Russian Brewers, only in Moscow the damage to the budget in the form of lost tax deductions can reach up to 2 billion rubles, the representative of Baltika believes. At last year's Confederations Cup, alcohol consumption was organized perfectly and FIFA did not record a single incident related to beer consumption in the stadiums, recalls Durdiyev.

Problems are also expected among retailers. So, in Metro in Nizhny Novgorod, one of the shops is located 2 km from the stadium, the representative of the company tells: the shopping center will work as usual, but will not be able to sell alcohol. In addition, it will be possible to drive up to him on his private car only by pre-booked passes.

While not all regions have finally adopted restrictions on the sale of alcohol, it is difficult to estimate the exact number of stores that fall under restrictions, said the representative of the largest retail network in Russia X5 Retail Group. According to preliminary estimates, there will be about 150 such stores near the network. There are also questions about how in some cities, due to traffic restrictions, to ensure uninterrupted delivery of products to stores. On the question of how the ban will affect the revenue of networks, representatives of X5 and Metro did not respond.

War with trucks

Another sensitive measure for residents and business is the restriction of the entry of transport to the cities where the matches are held. In the presidential decree, only one kind of such restriction is explicitly mentioned: the ban on the entry of buses: in Kazan, Moscow, Nizhny Novgorod, Rostov-on-Don, Samara, St. Petersburg and Sochi, it is introduced from June 1 to July 17 in Volgograd, Yekaterinburg , Kaliningrad and Saransk - from 1 to 30 June. An exception is made for the three categories of buses. First, the entry will be allowed to those who carry out regular passenger transportation on municipal, intermunicipal and interregional routes. Secondly, buses that are equipped with the Era-Glonass equipment, which provide information about the movement to the Transport Directorate of the World Championship, will be launched into the cities. And thirdly, the ban will not affect buses, for which the Ministry of Internal Affairs has taken a separate decision on the entry permit.

But regional authorities "may, if necessary," introduce other temporary restrictions in coordination with the Ministry of Transport, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the FSB. Moscow refused to take additional measures. But many other regions have used the given right. For example, in St. Petersburg will be issued special permits for the movement of freight transport. In Volgograd traffic, stopping and parking of large-sized and heavy vehicles are prohibited. And in Kazan, the movement of cars with a permissible weight of more than 5 tons will be restricted (this category includes, in particular, GAZon Next, Kamaz and heavier trucks, but do not get the Gazelle), as well as transport vehicles dangerous, bulky and heavy cargo.

But especially severe conditions for cargo carriers are created in the Samara region and Mordovia. There, the authorities prohibited from June 10 to July 17 entrance to the city on the main highways of cars weighing more than 3.5 tons from 6 am to 24 pm, said Executive Director of the National Union of Experts in Transport and Logistics Olga Fedotkina. In fact, this applies to any transport other than passenger cars, she explains. At the same time, not all supplies are possible at the time allowed - companies have their own technological regimes: for example, the work of dairies is tied to the milking of cows, and retailers can not carry the goods at night, as this is a violation of the "law of silence," Fedotkina notes. In her opinion, these measures threaten to provide cities-millionaires and their guests with goods and food. In Moscow, the authorities acted differently, Fedotkina points out: here additional restrictions apply only in the Khamovniki area, where the Luzhniki Stadium is located.

Terror acts in recent years in some European cities have shown how dangerous cargo transportation can be in places of mass congestion, said Eduard Mironov, director of procurement of transport services FM Logistic: "For this reason, it is logical to restrict certain types of transport to certain zones nearby with venues for the championship matches and fan zones. " Some of these restrictions are indeed "extremely tough," the expert adds: "They will entail an increase in demand for small-tonnage equipment in the cities of the holding. Moreover, from network stores will be required to adjust for the necessary changes in the time of acceptance of goods. " However, the company does not expect a significant increase in the cost of delivering cargo, Mironov says.

  

Dangerous production

Perhaps the most stringent security measure refers to dangerous industries: their work presidential decree ordered to suspend completely or partially for two months. The list of hazardous industries (without specifying specific enterprises) was approved by the government. They include objects using atomic energy, sources of ionizing radiation, hazardous chemical, biological, radioactive, toxic and explosive substances, as well as working with pathogens of infectious diseases. In addition, the carriage of dangerous goods by rail, water and sea transport should be suspended.

Carriers about the implementation of the decree have already reported. Thus, RZD informed the shippers about the restrictions on the transport of dangerous goods from May 25 to July 25. This applies to explosive, poisonous substances and so on. - total in the list of 35 items. "In the subjects where the championship matches will be held, transportation of these goods is not expected. Throughout the rest of the territory, these shipments will be carried out, "Tass was quoted as saying by Deputy Director General of Railways Pavel Ivanov. In addition to the railway, restrictions will be imposed on the transportation of dangerous goods by water and road transport, confirms the head of Itella in Russia Alexey Podchufarov. Notifications about the suspension in June - July of the delivery of some goods began to send, for example, online cosmetics stores: among dangerous goods, in particular, sprays, hair varnishes and chemical perm.

But with the closure of hazardous industries there were difficulties. As reported by Kommersant, notice of the possible closure of enterprises of the FSB began to be dispatched as early as January 2018, and Rostekhnadzor was supposed to monitor compliance with the decree. But by March it became clear that both industrialists and local authorities were categorically against the mass closure of enterprises - both because of possible damage to the production process, and for financial reasons. Moreover, there are loopholes for avoiding this duty. First, it is possible not to close production entirely, but only to stop "work and operations associated with increased danger and carrying risks of emergencies". And secondly, situations are possible where the temporary cessation of work is completely impossible: in such cases, the head of the organization must submit to the operational headquarters a "motivated proposal with the justification of the impossibility of a temporary suspension of work".

That's the way most businesses in the end and received. By mid-April, according to the head of Rostekhnadzor Alexei Aleshin, the head of Rostekhnadzor reported to the agency "Prime" that only 528 especially dangerous enterprises in the cities of the World Championship were included in monitoring by their department (their lists of hazardous industries were also Rosprirodnadzor, Rospotrebnadzor and other supervisory agencies). But only a few of them closed. For example, two main shops in the powder plant in Kazan will be completely stopped, in Volgograd the metallurgical plant Krasny Oktyabr will stop its work; in Samara region, out of 48 enterprises that are on the list of dangerous ones, only one activity will be temporarily suspended (which authorities did not announce ). And in Rostov-on-Don, none of the 14 recognized hazardous industries decided not to close. In Rostekhnadzor, they did not answer Vedomosti's request.